Kate Chopin s The Awakening Essay - 1450 Words

â€Å"The beginning of things, of a world especially, is necessarily vague, tangled, chaotic, and exceedingly disturbing† (Chopin 67). Change: the most frightening word in the English language; it has never came quickly, never came easily, never come without casualties. Throughout history, countless revolutions have fought with blood, sweat, and tears for the acceptance of new ideas to foster change within mainstream culture. Naturally, there is always a resilient resistance to revolution, the norm that does not embrace the change. In American history, there have been countless revolutions, from civil rights to the American revolution itself, but perhaps the longest, drastic revolution is the feminist revolution that began in the late 1800’s and arguably still happening as the gender wars. At the turn into the 20th Century, the fight between gender roles and individuality was manifested in the culture which was reflected in the reception of Kate Chopin’s The Awak ening as she intentionally manipulated gendered language throughout the text. Contrary to what one would expect, the first person introduced is not the main character, Edna, but rather her husband Leonce Pontellier. True to form, Kate Chopin deliberately placed Mr. Pontellier as the first character to establish alluding to his ownership and power of in the life and relationship of Edna as it was formal to consider a woman by her husband, thus donning his name and his title time period. Throughout the story, the narratorShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Awakening935 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† can arguably be considered a feminist piece, but regardless of whether it is or not, the short story unmistakably describes how life was for women in the late 1800’s. Her story is a great example of the sexist views of the time and existing social roles for each gender. The literature includes a large interplay between society and gender roles, which affected the reader’s response to the plot and other literary devi ces such as imagery back then and even today. ChopinRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1553 Words   |  7 Pagesare evident throughout The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Chopin uses contrasting characters such as Edna Pontellier and Adele Ratignolle to further embody the differing aspects of feminism. Adele Ratignolle represents the ideal woman of the time period, a mindless housewife working to serve her family, whereas Edna signifies an independent and daring woman who does not conform to society’s beliefs. These two women’s differing characteristics and personalities allow Chopin to further compare and contrastRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1497 Words   |  6 PagesEdna Proves that Society Does Not Control Her In Kate Chopin s novella, the awakening, Chopin portrays a story of how the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, undergoes a realization that she has been dumbfounded by the way society assert roles for women. Mrs. Pontellier s awakening stirs up issues in her marriage with her husband. For Mr. Pontellier does not understand why his wife is acting different as someone who does not share the values and duties that society withholds women to. Edna even fallsRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1875 Words   |  8 Pageswomen s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.† The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, was written in 1890 during the height of the women s suffrage movement, and essentially the public felt that the author â€Å"went too far† due to â€Å"the sensuality† of the protagonist (Toth 1). The â€Å"male gatekeepers† that scrutinized her work saw her piece as a statement that â€Å"the husband is a drag†, and that tradition al American values should be forgotten (Toth 1). In truth, Chopin did notRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening2531 Words   |  11 PagesDress to Impress Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening depicts sexual affairs, inner struggles, and the conquest of motherhood that most women face today. The conquest of motherhood involves the battle between being a supportive wife and selfless mother. The story revolves around the characters’ dialogue and appearances described beautifully throughout the novel by Kate Chopin. The story is a familiar one that, sadly, most women can relate to: A woman is married without knowing what true love is. HerRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1685 Words   |  7 Pagesconforms, the inward life which questions† (Chopin 18). The Victorian Era created a clear distinguishment between male and female roles in society, where women were expected to behave feminine-like, be responsible for domestic duties and have little involvement in society. This created a heavy oppression upon females and as a result forced many of them to remain entrapped in a male dominant society, in fear of being outcasted . In the novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin depicts how Edna’s defiance of VictorianRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1981 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 1800s The Awakening by Kate Chopin published in 1899 is a novel that can teach the true meaning of family, the importance of friendship, and the value of independence. Chopin teaches the true meaning of family by showing how Edna receives no support from her own family and struggles to succeed without them. Chopin shows the importance of friendship when Edna has no one by her side until she meets a woman named Adele and a man named Robert. The primary area that Chopin focuses on is the satisfactionRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1198 Words   |  5 Pageswoman’s freedom is the driving force behind Kate Chopin’s contextual objections to propriety. In particular, The Awakening and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† explore the lives of women seeking marital liberation and individuality. Mrs. Chopin, who was raised in a matriarchal household, expresses her opposition to the nineteenth century patriarchal society while using her personal experiences to exemplify her fe minist views. Katherine O’Flaherty, later Kate Chopin, was born to Eliza and Thomas O’FlahertyRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1870 Words   |  8 Pagessymbolizes the Marxist cause. A multitude books throughout history and the current day are representing the groundbreaking thoughts of Marxism, and they help to demonstrate how vile Capitalism truly is. In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening there lie countless subtleties of Marxism and its standards. Chopin skillfully injects the ideals into the novel through characters’ actions and behaviors. Three characters in particular represent the evils of Capitalism in the teachings of Marxist, and those charactersRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening882 Words   |  4 PagesThe article I have chosen to respond to was â€Å"Adele Ratignolle: Kate Chopin’s Feminist at Home in â€Å"The Awakening†Ã¢â‚¬  by Kathleen M. Streater. In this article, Streater argues that the feminism of Adele Ratignolle was overshadowe d by the radicalism of the main character, Edna Pontieller. Although Ratignolle was not as extreme or romantic as Pontieller, Streater argues that Ratignolle was more of an equal in the home than readers would suggest. Introduced as the â€Å"mother-woman,† Adele Ratignolle chose

Literary Analysis Of Two Texts Essay - 1534 Words

Literary Analysis of Two Texts Renita Redding Instructor: Irene Robles-Huerta ENG 125 March 21, 2015 The short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been†, by Joyce Oates, (1966), and the poem, â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl†, by Patricia Smith, (1991), are both about the coming of age of young girls and the conflicts that they encounter. The two pieces explore issues that most young girls have with their bodies and others during their puberty years. The literary elements that will be compared in this essay is imagery and symbolism. The main conflict in both pieces that will be explored is individual versus self. These literary elements and conflict will help us to explore the issues that these two individual young girls†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"First of all, it’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished†. It’s as though, the changes that are to come are going to be better than what’s already been. The main change she hopes is that she will be considered beautiful because unlike Con nie in the first story this 9 year old girl don’t believe she’s pretty at all. So she’s hoping that, what’s to come? Is better than what’s been? Although there are many different literary techniques used in these two pieces imagery is an element that is depicted in the both of them. Imagery is a literary technique that appeals to the senses of its readers. It gives the reader a visual of what the writer is feeling about what he or she is writing. In the poem, â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl†, by Smith, (1991), imagery is used to display the writers feelings of being black and not necessary proud of being black, â€Å"it’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence†. The writer could be using the word blue as a way to depict the wanting to have beautiful blue eyes like many White women as opposed to the dark brown or black eyes that she probably possessed. Imagery is also seen in the way how the writer explains her encounter with the opposite sex. â€Å"It’s finally having a man reach out for you then caving in around his fingers†. It is having a man finally paying attention to you but not knowing that he only wants to control your body.Show MoreRelatedDescriptive Linguistics In Literary Studies By M. K. Halliday Summary1072 Words   |  5 Pagesin Literary Studies†, Halliday (1970) explains that the categories and methods of descriptive linguistics are as much applicable in the analysis of literary texts as in the analysis of any other kind of textual materials. In this approach, he focuses the attention on the revelation and precise description of language features which might remain undiscovered because of inexact linguistic investigation. Halliday in his approach uses the term ‘application’ to refer to the study of literary texts byRead MoreGender: Annotated Bibliography Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pages Mills, S. (2012). Gender Matters: Frminist Linguistic Analysis. London : Equinox. Gender Matters is a collection of various essays on feminist linguistic texts analysis, by Sara Mills. Mills develops methods of analyzing literary and non-literary texts, in addition to conversational analysis based on a feminist approach. The author draws on data from her collection of essays gathered over the last two decades on feminism during the 1990s. The essays focus on gender issues, the representation ofRead MoreStudent B As A Reader1061 Words   |  5 PagesStudent B as a Reader (Kaylee) What about the student as an individual (experiences, skills, interests) provides insight into his or her work samples and your analysis of them? In a class where most students either fall into the categories of being high achieving or low scoring, Kaylee is one of few students in the middle. Next year, students have the choice of going on the college track in language arts and I would like Kaylee to feel comfortable in her abilities to choose the college track. SheRead MoreEssay about Reader-Response vs. New Criticism962 Words   |  4 PagesCriticism, New Criticism, and many others act as examples of literary evaluations. All of the critique methods share similarities, but differ in other ways. Reader-Response and New Criticism, for example, share characteristics but they are also two very opposing things. Reader-Response focuses on attention towards the text influenced by the reader’s thoughts. New Criticism aims towards the text with no influence, but the text alone. Th e two methods share the same features such as excluding the author’sRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of `` Catch `` By Chris Leggett Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many ways to write a literary essay on a text, choosing the most effective method depends on what the writer is trying to accomplish. What is most important is understanding what one is writing about and effectively delivering it. In the sample essay, Tossing Metaphors Together in Robert Francis s Catch by Chris Leggett, Leggett writes an analysis paper in which he analyzes the extended metaphor of the poem. While in the sample essay, How William Faulkner s Narrator CultivatesRead MoreA Lexical Pragmatic Analysis of Proverbs in Femi Osofisan’s Midnight Hotel.1504 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty-five proverbs deployed in the text. In analyzing the proverbs, this essay observes that each has at least an ad hoc constituent which requires semantic modulation to get at the meanings of the proverbs. This mo dulation is not arbitrary, but contextually negotiated until the reader reaches his optimal relevance. Wilson and Carston argue that metaphors are cases of ad hoc constructions (7), for instance, when a speaker says, ‘The boy is a lion’. While a literary scholar would see this as metaphoricalRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pages Students will gain an understanding of literary concepts to be able to interpret, analyze and evaluate various genres. Furthermore, students will have the opportunity to learn and appreciate the cultural heritage that is articulated from each literary text. II. Course Objectives: At the end of the semester, the students should be able to : 1. read and understand representative literary texts from various continents in the world. 2. analyze literary texts using the various approaches in literatureRead More5 Critical Approaches to Literature853 Words   |  4 Pagesalteration and despair. It is heavily influenced by linguistics especially by the work of Ferdinand de Saussure. Useful was Saussures concept of phoneme which is the smallest basic sp eech sound or unit of pronunciation, the idea that phoneme exists in two kinds of relationships (diachronic and synchronic). Diachronic is a horizontal relationship with the other phonemes that precede and follow it in a particular usage, ulterance, or narrative. Synchronic is a vertical relationship with the entireRead MoreAnalysis Of Dorothy Parker s One Perfect Rose1311 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst book of poetry Enough Rope (1926). Parker cohesively explores two major themes throughout the poem; frustration and disappointment. The two themes are conveyed in the narrative by the narrator who ultimately outlines a dissatisfaction with the cliched conventions of romance and courtship. The projection of these themes are outlined through three dominant modes of discourse which I will be engaging with throughout the literary commentary; structure, voice and the use of metaphor. The commentaryRead MoreA Formalist Approach On A Short Story1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthe same message or m eaning in less text than a much longer published work with hundreds of pages, it does this by using the text itself as a canvas for creativity. The Formalist approach is a great tool when it comes to writing short stories, and its use in Good Country People by Flannery O’Connor is classic example of how the Formalist Approach can be so effective in such a short story. Authors are incredibly particular about what they put into writing the text itself because that is what you read

Social Motional Wealth IPO Underprice Firms â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Social Motional Wealth IPO Underprice Firms? Answer: Introduction There are several motivations along with benefits for different issuers behind the IPO (Initial Public Offering) procedure. Essentially, there exists considerable asymmetry in information between different issuers and at the same time financiers at specifically the Initial Public Offering (IPO). Leitterstorf Rau (2014) mentioned that there remained no news as regards issuing corporations in the media till one year prior to the date of issue. However, in case of Initial Public Offering (IPO), normally there remains very slight information regarding the private corporation that is obtainable to the public. Particularly, financiers have to depend mainly on the financial assertions presented in the offering projection that provides the issuers along with the underwriters proper incentive to report desirable accounting figures. Thus, this direct the way towards to the consideration that issuing corporations have enhancements in profitability prior to the process of offering and reduction in overall profitability after the process of offering. Judge et al., (2015) examined hypothesis on earnings management and discovered that issuers enhance earnings comparative to flows of cash before the initial public offering IPO. Performance of the Initial Public Offering Numerous papers have evaluated the long-run presentation of Initial Public Offerings (IPO). In essence these prior studies have appropriately examined returns on stock along with operational performance after corporations become public. However, all these types of studies presented have reflected that initial public offering corporations present comparatively less amount of profitability as related to corporations that are not public (Fung et al., 2014). As such, IPO is essentially a first-time deliverance of shares by a particular corporation to the entire public. Fundamentally, the judgment for private corporations to become public can be considered one of the most elementary decisions that the firm encounters. Primarily, it is the pronouncement that alters the entire framework of the corporation and in several cases it split up with the power of ownership being shifted and withdrawn from the original owner of the company. Nevertheless, it cannot be considered to be surprising then that topic of IPO has drawn attention of diverse scholars, financiers, along with decision makers. As a result, a huge number of prior reports have been carried out on this specific topic of IPO topic, and it has been developing at swifter speed in current years (Boulton et al., 2017). Regarding returns of stock, evaluation has disclosed that financiers seem to acquire losses owing to holding shares in the corporations that have of late undertaken an IPO as compared to individuals that have not carried out so. However, the stratagem of investing money in initial public offerings at the close of the initial day of community trading and retaining them for three consecutive years can generate a wealth of around 83% in comparison to that acquired by putting in money during the similar period in a particular set of control corporations belonging to the similar sector and with a linked value of the market. Morricone et al., (2017) recommends that these small long-run proceeds of Initial Public Offerings (IPO) are corresponding to the going public of several corporations coinciding with the subsistence of a pertinent interest in specific segments. This refers to the fact that financiers might be regularly over-optimistic as regards the possible profits of novel corporatio ns. Numerous studies have referred to the subsistence of depressing long-run abnormal returns on stock for corporations at five years subsequent to the Initial Public Offering. Essentially, this occurrence has been described in both the USA as well as other marketplace. Of late, research papers have reflected that underperformance for long-run fades away after tracking as well as monitoring for the features or risk related to Initial Public Offering corporations. Nielsson Wjcik (2016) recommends that returns on IPO are identical to diverse non-issuing corporation returns harmonized to size together with the ratios on book-to-market. In addition to this, Liu et al., (2014) reflects that abnormal returns earned on IPO reveals lower exposures of risk owing to both low level of leverage along with higher amount of liquidity. As rightly put forward by Butler et al., (2014), there exists huge number of effective approaches for the reduction in the post issue operating performance of different IPO corporations. As one of the approaches is associated to probable enhanced costs of agency at the time when a corporation carries out the transition of ownership from necessarily private to public firms. In addition to this, scholars are also of the view that a second cause can be that the attempt of the managers windowdress accounting figures before becoming public. However, the third description, in line with them, for the reduction in operational performance is that industrialists time their specific issues in a bid to match with periods of different strangely good levels of performance. Becoming public naturally directs the way towards a considerable alteration in the overall ownership framework of the company. Again, reduction in ownership level of administration as a consequence of going public can direct the way towards agency problem as elucidated by (Walker et al., 2015). As mentioned by Darmadi Gunawan (2013), there are incentives of the management for the firm alteration whenever there are novel investors. Again, the interests of administrators as well as shareholders deviate as stakes of manager decline and rights get scattered. As per the agency supposition, low ownership preservation by different managers raises incentives of managers to embark on different non-value maximizing schemes and to augment consumption. Conversely, retention of superior stake of ownership in the corporation could alleviate the agency problem. As such, this conversation means that there can be such an anticipation that the post-issue operational performance can reduce. In order to describe the reduction in the post-issue operational performance, there are certain associates that utilize the agency theory whilst other associates insist that accounts founded on agency theory are not effectual (Darmadi Gunawan, 2013). An effectual description for the reduction in the post-issue operational performance is essentially the time of offering. Essentially, issuers also time different issues to match up with periods of oddly good levels of performance that they know cannot be continued in the upcoming period. Therefore issuers acquire advantage of different impermanent enhancements in performance to issue novel shares at the time when financiers have excessively optimistic anticipations regarding the corporations future projections. In essence, this can be documented as window of predictions. Thus, scholars reached the conclusion that issuers acquire the benefit of windows of chances (Walker et al., 2015). Importance of the current study to different stakeholders The current study can provide directives to different financiers to augment their comprehension of behaviour regarding prices of share after initial public offering. However, this can help the financiers in arriving feasible decisions whilst investing in share bourse (Darmadi Gunawan, 2013). Regulator In essence, various market regulators specifically can acquire knowledge regarding the manner it is important to manage all the handle future IPO that involves different regulations as well as framing of strategies (Darmadi Gunawan, 2013). Owing to various sound set of laws as well as strategies, this can lead to augmented confidence in financiers in investing in specific stock bourse. Listed Firms The corporations can understand the fundamentals as regards the performance of initial public offering. Furthermore, this can help them in arriving good decisions regarding when to float own shares by means of initial public offering (IPO) (Darmadi Gunawan, 2013). Essentially, this can help them in making feasible decisions at the time of establishing the offer price of different shares during the process of initial public offering. Researchers or else Academicians The information hereby gathered can be said to be very helpful for upcoming researchers who intend to move ahead with the knowledge along with literature in the values of the market after the initial public offerings (Butler et al., 2014). However, it is also expected to enhance the existing literature on specific subject as indication material and kindle additional research in this specific area. A general description for the irregular first-day behaviour of price is known as winners curse. Liu et al., (2014) is a representation of the IPO market that comprises of two different types of financiers that include well-informed financiers that have t5he adequate knowledge regarding the true value of issue along with less-informed financiers who have inadequate exceptional knowledge for correcting issue value. Essentially, this specific asymmetry in information creates a lemons problem in which the uninformed financiers are left with the comparatively less flourishing IPOs. However, in a bid to maintain badly informed financiers interested in specific IPO, issuing firms have the requirement to sell with a discount. As such, an explanatory factor openly derived from this curse of the winner is necessarily the size of the issue. Again, larger the issue the more competently can it be handled and the supplementary information regarding the true value can be made available. Particularl y, wider stretch of information reduces the information asymmetry among financiers. Owing to this, the lower information irregularity, the larger IPOs have lesser cause to under price and are anticipated to illustrate lower preliminary outperformance. Essentially, this theory does not illustrate the long run presentation of Initial Public Offering. Different theories have been suggested to illustrate the overall phenomenon of the underperformance in the long run of different IPOs. Liu et al., (2014) offers an illustration founded on alterations on alterations in different divergences of views among the financiers. According to Nielsson Wjcik (2016), initial public offering are normally subscribed by different financiers of the corporation who are necessarily regarded as the most optimistic as regards the issue as well as prices that are established by the specific group rather than the appraisal of the typical financiers. Further, the greater the level of uncertainty regarding the IPO value, the more is the price that the optimistic financiers are willing to pay relative to different pessimistic financiers. Underpricing in Singapore IPO market Nielsson Wjcik (2016) analytically evaluates the overall extent of underpricing that presently subsists in the market by evaluating the current data on IPO. Nielsson Wjcik (2016) asserts that the presence of underpricing in the present IPO market. Essentially, the empirical outcome suggests that financiers that invest their money in IPO can earn on an average 20.25% return on particularly the day of listing. However, the extent of pricing that subsists in the Singaporean market can be considered to be very less as compared to that of the other markets that are existent all around the globe. Essentially, the average size of the offer is relatively higher as per the global standards. As such, this can be regarded as one of the main reasons for the comparatively smaller value of underpricing in the Singaporean market. Darmadi Gunawan (2013) presents a study that delivers a discriminating test of two different signalling models that explain the underpricing of specifically initial public offering. Essentially, the empirical outcomes of the study recommends a one-signal equilibrium that is persistent with the particularly the Leland as well as the Pyles Model, but which discards the two-signal model of Grinblatt as well as Hwang. Necessarily, the fraction or else the proportion of the equity that essentially the issuer retains in the corporation that in turn is delivered to the public dictates the offering price as a indication for quality of the corporation. As such, a greater fraction of equity refers to better quality of the corporation and thus a lowerex ante uncertainty over the value of the corporation. Financiers therefore need to expect a smaller initial return on particularly the offering (Research-repository.uwa.edu.au, 2017). Reputation of managers: The study of the under pricing of particularly IPO in the Singapore presents a discriminating test of specific information-signalling hypotheses. This study also delivers a discriminating test of two different signalling models that explicates the under pricing of overall IPO. According to Darmadi Gunawan (2013), Voon did carry out 384 IPO under pricing phenomenon from particularly 1st January 1997 to particularly 22nd August 2008. It was discovered that under pricing in the short run period as well as underperformance in the long run specifically in the regional market. However, the findings suggest that the high level of reputation of particular issue manager can be associated to short run under pricing. On the whole, the overall reputation of the issue manager can be considered to the significant to that of the return of the performance of the IPO. The study on the long term performance of particularly IPOs reflects the evidences from specifically the Singaporean market. According to Darmadi Gunawan (2013) stock markets form an important part of the capitalist economic system since they pull together those that are in need of different capital and those having excessive capital for investment. Particularly, the initial public offerings of diverse corporations that had share capital that were previously privately held delivers a chance. The IPO procedures essentially involves due diligence along with pricing by different underwriters, following which they necessarily underwrite the entire issue and thereafter sell the same to different financiers in specifically the primary market. Thus, after the initial public offering, the shares of the corporations get traded in particularly the secondary market till the firm gets winded up or else get merged with other corporations or else get acquired. Besides this IPO, corporations that are already operating as public can also get engaged in the process of raising of capital by undertaking different stock offering that financiers can utilize as investment vehicles to raise the overall returns on the portfolio. The study suggests that the traditional theory on finance suggests that individual financiers have the need to adopt a particular buy as well as hold strategy stratagem for the purpose of carrying out investments in essentially the stock market as they are incapable of timing the market and as the efficient market hypotheses recommends that all available information can be incorporated in prices of stock. However, a question is raised regarding whether long term buy as well as hold strategy can be considered to be a profitable investment strategy in case of specifically the IPO (asset class) for different individual investors (Leitterstorf Rau, 2014). However, as per the critical assessment of the literature, the answer obtained to this question raised is no . Nevertheless, there are various variations in the outcomes based on the manner the comparison index get selected and what market is studied. Essentially, financiers might also be able to adopt a winning portfolio of specifically buy as well as hold in investments of IPO in case if they can successfully forecast what facets direct the way towards strong or else weak performance of price in the area of IPO. Thus, this study intends to gather all the prior studies on the subject and apply the entire learning to the market of Singapore. The identification of ex-post that involves factors that direct the way towards success of IPO might probably help the financiers lessen the overall risk and at the same time earn higher returns whilst developing ex-ante strategies of investment. However, Walker et al., (2015) discovered that corporate governance exert overall impact on the performance as well as share return of corporate. In this study, the quantitative evaluation is based on the IPOs that are listed in particularly Singapore for essentially the period 2000 to 2007. Critical analysis of this study suggests that the listed IPOs in the main board specifically perform better than the ones that are listed particularly the secondary board. Nonetheless, there exists no evidence that can substantiate the overall association between the performance of the IPOs and the practices associated to corporate governance especially at the time when the CGI is utilized as a proxy for quality of disclosures of corporate governance. Likewise, there exists no evidence that can substantiate the existence of considerable association between engagement of different venture capitalists and the performance of IPO (Judge et al., 2015). Additionally, this study also does not support th e declaration that issuers especially having longer lock up period show low level of under pricing along with better long term performance. Nevertheless, at the when particular variables of the board namely size of the board, duality of the CEO, independence of the board, diversity of gender as well as family directorship are tested, the observations reflect that a positive association between particularly the lock up period and the performance in the long run. Additionally, this study suggests a considerable association between under pricing of IPO with the family directorship. Under pricing in other countries The statutory body operating In Malaysia was accountable for the investment as well as new listing of corporations at stock exchange and that is referred to as Malaysian Stock Exchange (MSE). However, prior to alterations, the name stated on 14th April 2004, this stock exchange operating in Malaysia is referred to as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) incorporated on 14th December during the year 1976. Essentially, MSE comprises of 3 boards that include Main Board, The Malaysian Exchange of Securities Dealing and Quotation Berhad (MESDAQ) as well as Second Board (Leitterstorf Rau, 2014). In particular, the Main Board delivered for larger capitalized corporations while smaller firms will ask to be listed on specifically the Second Board. However, MESDAQ was delivered for high rate of growth and technology firms in a bid to raise capital. During the period August 2009, the Main as well as Second Boards amalgamated and were renamed as the Main Market. In addition to this, the MESDAQ bo ard was again named as the ACE Market that stands for the acronym "Access, Certainty, Efficiency." As such, the primary objective of the ACE Market is to deliver higher level of certainty along with efficiency in the process of listing and to craft it easier for specific issuers aimed at tapping the entire capital market. However, the ACE Market can be considered as a sponsor-driven market that is essentially open to firms of diverse sizes and firms from different sectors. As such, the financiers, majority of them being investment bankers, evaluate the appropriateness of applicants looking for listing, carry out due diligence procedure for the ACE Market firms documents and at the same time maintain normal contact with diverse firms for in any case three years after process of listing in association with the new structure of market, Bursa Malaysia also refurbished its listing necessities for the Main Market as well as the ACE Market. An important reform to particularly the ACE Marke t, besides its feature of sponsor-driven framework and open to different companies of different sizes from diverse sectors, is that there exists no agreed minimum operational history or else profit track evidence necessity for entry into this specific market. As such, this facet empowers the financiers to evaluate the appropriateness of different listing applicants. In essence, there is substantial of IPO under pricing in several developed as well as promising markets (Ijser.org, 2017). However, under pricing takes place at the time when the agreed-upon offer price of the firm is lower than the market price at the end of the first day of trading. In essence, empirical observations reflect that IPOs was undoubtedly underpriced during the period of initial trading in particularly Malaysia. The important study that intends to enumerate performance of IPO under pricing in specifically Malaysia founded on initial return. Data acquired on IPOs during the period 1978-1984 reflect that IPOs in Malaysia was essentially underpriced (Ijser.org, 2017). According to the study on under pricing performance of IPO (listed particularly in the main market) in particularly Malaysia, the overall performance of the entire market reflected a positive return that is essentially a high return during the year 2013. This result of the study is particularly consistent with the prior Malaysian studies. The observations of essentially the initial market adjusted returns reflect that the IPO corporations are considerably underpriced. As per the study, throughout the years yield can be observed to be positive for particularly IPOs on necessarily the first trading day. Thus, the loyalty of financiers into different IPO corporations can be considered to be significant in particularly determined superior performance of IPO. Essentially, IPOs in particularly in Malaysia are related to high under pricing. Nevertheless, this study discovered that high level of under pricing in the initial trading is not ascertained weak performance in essentially 4 years a fter issuance of IPO shares. However, this study helps in understanding the under pricing of IPO in Malaysia main market and helps in investigation of the impact of performance of the corporations into different degrees of under pricing of IPO (Ijser.org, 2017). Conclusion Analysis of prior literature reveals both the short term as well as long term performance of IPO in the market of Malaysia. Again, another study shows that existence of a positive association between particularly under pricing and size of IPO, volatility in market, status of underwriter and inverse of the IPO price. Essentially, after getting listed in public, under pricing was discovered to underperform in the period of three years. References Boulton, T. J., Smart, S. B., Zutter, C. J. (2017). Conservatism and international IPO underpricing.Journal of International Business Studies, 1-23. Butler, A. W., Keefe, M. O. C., Kieschnick, R. (2014). Robust determinants of IPO underpricing and their implications for IPO research.Journal of Corporate Finance,27, 367-383. Darmadi, S., Gunawan, R. (2013). Underpricing, board structure, and ownership: An empirical examination of Indonesian IPO firms.Managerial Finance,39(2), 181-200. Fung, S. Y. K., Gul, F. A., Radhakrishnan, S. (2014). Investment banks' entry into new IPO markets and IPO underpricing.Management science,60(5), 1297-1316. Ijser.org (2017). Retrieved 30 September 2017, from https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/INITIAL-PUBLIC-OFFERING-UNDERPRICING-PERFORMANCE-IN-MALAYSIA-LISTED-ON-MAIN-MARKET.pdf Judge, W. Q., Witt, M. A., Zattoni, A., Talaulicar, T., Chen, J. J., Lewellyn, K., ... Yamak, S. (2015). 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